St. Johns County voters can start casting ballots Wednesday, Oct. 21, on three constitutional amendments that would reshape Florida's property taxes, emergency savings and farm-equipment levies.

Early voting runs through Saturday, Oct. 31, from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. at 10 sites across the county, including the Ponte Vedra Branch Library at 101 Library Blvd. and The Players Community Senior Center at 175 Landrum Lane, according to Jacksonville.com. Election Day is Tuesday, Nov. 3. All three amendments need at least 60% approval to pass.

Here's what's on the ballot.

Amendment 1: State rainy-day fund

The state's Budget Stabilization Fund is capped at 10% of general revenue collections. Amendment 1 would raise that cap to 25%, Action News Jax reported. Lawmakers would have to deposit $750 million a year until the fund hits the new ceiling, with limited exceptions.

The fund held about $4.87 billion as of August, according to the state's General Revenue Outlook cited by the Ocala Gazette. Aubrey Jewett, a political science professor at the University of Central Florida, put the figure at about $6 billion in a separate account reported by Action News Jax. A Senate staff analysis pegged 25% of collections at $12.2 billion.

Once the fund reaches 15% of revenue, the Legislature could withdraw money for a "critical state need" by a two-thirds vote but could not drop the balance below 10%.

The Republican Party of Florida endorsed the amendment. Gov. Ron DeSantis recommended a "no" vote, calling it "foolish" and arguing surplus revenue should go toward lower taxes, according to Around Osceola.

Amendment 2: Farm-equipment tax break

Amendment 2 would eliminate property taxes on tangible personal property located on agricultural land and used for farming or agritourism. The exemption would first apply in the 2027 tax year.

State economists estimated the break would reduce city and county tax revenue by about $31 million a year, according to the Ocala Gazette. The Legislature passed it 110-1 in the House and 37-0 in the Senate.

Jewett said supporters believe the tax break could lower produce prices. The Florida Education Association opposes the measure over the revenue loss, according to Action News Jax.

Amendment 3: Homestead exemption increase

The most expensive amendment on the ballot would raise the homestead exemption on non-school property taxes from the current $51,411 to $150,000 on Jan. 1, 2027, and to $250,000 on Jan. 1, 2028, with inflation adjustments starting in 2029. It would also cut the annual assessment growth cap on non-homestead properties from 10% to 5%.

The amendment does not apply to school taxes. People who are not Florida residents as of Dec. 31, 2026, would wait five years for the larger exemption.

County Administrator Joy Andrews told a Sept. 29 town hall that St. Johns County could lose more than $700 million in cumulative property tax revenue over five years, according to the Jax Daily Record.

The county collects about $426 million in property taxes annually. Andrews said the county has paused about $100 million in capital improvement projects and $8.6 million in hiring while it waits for the outcome.

"It's not necessarily a freeze. It's just really put on hold until we know what we're going to be working with after November," Andrews said, according to the Jax Daily Record.

For a qualifying homeowner with a property valued above $250,000, the county estimates about $700 in annual savings the first year and about $1,400 the second, depending on taxing authorities and millage rates.

DeSantis and the Florida Realtors support the amendment. Four public safety groups oppose it, including the Florida Sheriffs Association and the Florida Fire Chiefs' Association, according to the Jax Daily Record.

Voters who prefer mail-in ballots must request one by 5 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 22.